EXPORTING GATEWAYS FROM VIETNAM
“Gateway” may refer to a wired network gateway, industrial/IoT gateway, cellular gateway, security/VPN gateway, or a CPE combining modem and routing functions. Using the commercial name alone can lead to a wrong HS classification, missed radio/cryptography triggers, or the wrong market-compliance route.
This guide follows Market Access → HS/policy → origin/FTA → compliance → Cargo Ready/cut-off → post-shipment. The United States, Netherlands/EU, China and Korea are used as route signals for HS 8517.62, not as a fixed list of destinations.
1. QUICK OVERVIEW
Review United States – Netherlands/EU – China – Korea first based on HS 8517.62 route signals.
A standard Gateway is not automatically licence-controlled; crypto/security/dual-use models require exact technical screening.
Vietnam Trade Portal lists 8517.62.21 – control and adaptor units, including gateways, bridges and routers; final classification still depends on the exact model.
EU: EVFTA; China: ACFTA/RCEP; Korea: AKFTA/VKFTA/RCEP as relevant; no Vietnam–US bilateral preferential FTA.
Wireless/cellular, VPN/IPsec/SSL, firewall/IDS, battery, used/RMA and board/module versions require separate review.
Freeze model, firmware, radio/crypto status, origin and packing before Cargo Ready and carrier cut-offs.
Air/express suits high-value or urgent projects; sea suits larger lots. FCA/CPT/CIP are often more practical than FOB for air shipments.
QUICK GLOSSARY
Gateway: an intermediary device connecting or translating between networks/protocols; CPE: Customer Premises Equipment; Market Access: conditions for lawful market entry; PSR: Product Specific Rule; ETD: Estimated Time of Departure; Cargo Ready: date the cargo is ready.
2. SCOPE & DETAILED PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION
Main scope: complete gateway appliances for data networks. Before classification, lock principal function, WAN/LAN interfaces, modem/radio, routing/NAT, protocol conversion, VPN/crypto, firewall/security, CPU/OS, PSU/battery, new–RMA–refurbished status and export purpose.
| Variant | What to verify | Evidence | Possible policy trigger | Application note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wired network gateway | Ethernet WAN/LAN, routing/NAT/protocol conversion; no radio | Datasheet, block diagram, port map, firmware feature list | HS 8517.62; EMC/digital-device compliance by market | Baseline scope of this guide. |
| Industrial / IoT gateway | RS-232/485, CAN, Modbus/OPC-UA, rugged temperature, DIN rail | Industrial datasheet, protocol list, BOM, enclosure/PSU | May add industrial EMC/standards and buyer project specifications | Do not confuse with PLC or industrial PC if principal function differs. |
| Wireless / cellular gateway | Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/4G/5G/LoRa/Zigbee, SIM/eSIM, antenna | RF spec, module ID, frequency bands, antenna data | FCC/RED/SRRC/KC or other radio route | Separate when module/frequency/compliance changes. |
| Security / VPN gateway | IPsec/SSL VPN, dedicated encryption, firewall/IDS/IPS | Crypto datasheet, algorithms, throughput, security matrix | Decree 341/2026, strategic trade, market cybersecurity rules | “HTTPS supported” alone does not prove civil-cryptography licensing. |
| CPE / modem-router gateway | DSL/PON/cable modem plus routing/Wi-Fi | WAN technology, telecom interface, RF/module spec | HS sub-line and telecom/radio approvals may differ | Do not force 8517.62.21 if the product is essentially a modem/CPE. |
| Board/module / embedded gateway | No complete enclosure/PSU or intended as an OEM module | BOM, assembly drawing, intended host | Complete-apparatus vs part/module classification; origin logic | Separate HS conclusion is recommended. |
| Virtual/software gateway | Licence/software image only, no physical appliance | Licence terms, delivery method | Not a physical-goods export procedure | Handle under software/services if there is no physical goods movement. |
| RMA / used / refurbished | Used serial numbers, repair/warranty/replacement | RMA note, service report, serial list | Customs procedure, valuation, used-equipment/e-waste rules | Do not mechanically reuse the new-goods file set. |
3. EXPORT MARKETS & MARKET ACCESS
For HS6 8517.62, WTO/UN Comtrade records about US$16.3056bn of Vietnam exports in 2023. Partner signals for the same broad subheading are about US$9.4bn to the United States, US$988m to the Netherlands, US$633m to China and US$487m to Korea. Because 8517.62 contains many switching, routing and data-transmission products, these figures are market-selection signals rather than Gateway-only trade.
| Market | Fit | Market-access condition | Product/business requirement | Evidence to prepare |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Very high – largest HS 8517.62 route signal | A wired digital gateway must be reviewed under FCC Part 15; RF-emitting models require the appropriate Certification route. | FCC testing/authorization, label/user information; UL/NRTL and TAA/NDAA are buyer/procurement requirements only when the transaction calls for them. | Datasheet, FCC records/module IDs, label artwork, importer/buyer specification. |
| Netherlands / EU | High – major EU gateway for HS 8517.62 | Wired models: review EMC, RoHS and other applicable CE legislation; radio models fall under RED. CRA has a staged application timeline. | Technical file, EU DoC, CE marking, RoHS evidence, importer details, cybersecurity file according to CRA timing. | Exact model, PSU voltage, radio status, DoC, test reports, cybersecurity documentation. |
| China | Established trade signal for HS 8517.62 | China RoHS disclosure is broad; if the product falls within network switching/routing equipment in the 2026 catalogue, conformity assessment for newly added categories starts 1 Aug 2027. Radio/crypto routes may also apply. | Do not assume CCC from the name alone. Determine SRRC/telecom/cryptography/cybersecurity triggers by exact model. | Chinese label/manual, hazardous-substance data, RF/crypto specification, importer route. |
| Korea | Relevant trade and FTA signal | ICT/radio equipment must be screened for conformity assessment under the Radio Waves Act/KC route by category; wired and wireless models differ. | KC/RRA route by model; buyers may also require industrial/environmental tests. | Technical file, test report, radio data, Korean label/manual where applicable. |
4. VIETNAM EXPORT CONDITIONS / POLICY
As of 04 Sep 2026, Decree 69/2018 remains the general foreign-trade framework through the end of the day; Decree 292/2026 takes effect on 05 Sep 2026 and replaces Decree 69/2018. Article 64 provides transition rules for existing licences, previously received applications and older implementing instruments.
| Goods situation | Possible policy | Legal basis to check | Authority/channel | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard wired Gateway | Ordinary export route subject to HS and any specialized-control checks | Foreign Trade Management Law; Decree 69/2018 through 04 Sep; Decree 292/2026 from 05 Sep | Customs and specialized authority if triggered | Exact model, function, destination/end-use. |
| Gateway that falls within licensed civil cryptography | Export/import licence for civil cryptography products | Decree 341/2026, Articles 9–10, Annex II | Government Cipher Committee; Article 9(4) route where applicable | Only when HS + goods description + cryptographic technical characteristics all match the Annex. |
| Gateway with both cybersecurity and civil-cryptography functions | Dual-function licensing route under Article 9(4) | Decree 341/2026 Article 9(4) | Ministry of Public Security, consulting Government Cipher Committee | Exact security/crypto function must be established. |
| Potential strategic-trade item | Screen strategic goods/end-use/end-user/destination | Decree 259/2025; Circular 42/2026 from 12 Sep 2026 | Competent authority under the strategic-trade regime | Control-list threshold, end-use, end-user and destination. |
| RMA/used/refurbished goods | Separate customs procedure, valuation and market used-equipment rules | Customs law + current foreign-trade/specialized rules | Customs; importing-market authority if relevant | Serial/history/condition differs from new goods. |
5. HS CODE – EXPORT DUTY – VAT ON EXPORTS
The strongest reference for Gateway is the official Vietnam Trade Portal description: 8517.62.21 – “Control and adaptor units, including gateways, bridges and routers”. It remains a reference only; modem/radio/security/module variants or a different principal function may require another 8-digit line.
| Product/variant | Reference HS | Classification basis | Export duty | Export VAT | Evidence to review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wired control/adaptor gateway | 8517.62.21 – strong reference | Control/adaptor unit connecting/converting data; official text expressly includes gateways | Check the current Export Tariff against the final HS; do not infer from the product name | 0% applies only if current VAT conditions and documentary evidence are met | Datasheet, block diagram, port/function map, catalogue, invoice. |
| Wireless/cellular/CPE gateway | 8517.62.xx – final 8 digits must be reviewed | Integrated modem/radio or multiple principal functions | Check final HS | Check 0% conditions | RF/module spec, WAN technology, antenna, firmware. |
| Security/VPN gateway | 8517.62.xx may fit if data communication remains the principal function | Routing/transmission versus dedicated security/crypto function | Check final HS + permit trigger | Check 0% conditions | Security matrix, crypto spec, throughput, firmware. |
| Board/module | May differ from complete Gateway | Degree of completion and intended host | Check final HS | Check 0% conditions | BOM, assembly drawing, host integration document. |
EXPORT DUTY
CONCLUSION: do not assign an export-duty rate from the name Gateway. LEGAL BASIS: Decree 26/2023 and current amendments. ACTION: freeze the final HS and check the Export Tariff effective on the declaration date.
VAT ON EXPORTS
CONCLUSION: “export = 0% VAT” is not an unconditional rule. LEGAL BASIS: Decree 181/2025 and amendments, including Decree 144/2026 effective 20 Jun 2026. ACTION: verify scope, contract/payment evidence, customs declaration and the current documentary conditions.
6. ORIGIN – FTA – RULES OF ORIGIN
Origin documents are useful only when the goods meet the PSR for the final HS and the importer actually claims the relevant preference. A Gateway assembled in Vietnam from imported PCBAs, chipsets, radio modules, PSUs and enclosures needs an auditable manufacturing trail; final testing or packing alone does not automatically establish preferential Vietnamese origin.
| Market/route | FTA to review | Origin document | PSR | Other condition | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU | EVFTA | EUR.1 or other permitted proof under Circular 14/2026 | PSR for HS 8517.62/final HS | EVFTA transport/document conditions | BOM, supplier evidence, import declarations, production records, costing. |
| China | ACFTA or RCEP | Form E / RCEP C/O or other valid proof | Compare PSR and tariff benefit | Check direct consignment/third-party invoice rules where relevant | PCB/chipset/module origin, RVC/CTC working, BOM. |
| Korea | AKFTA/VKFTA/RCEP as applicable | Corresponding C/O | Choose route after comparing PSR and tariff benefit | Importer must claim preference under the chosen route | Origin audit trail + shipment data. |
| United States | No Vietnam–US bilateral preferential FTA | Country-of-origin evidence as required by importer/buyer | Fact-specific origin determination | Review marking/importer requirement | Manufacturing flow, BOM, transformation evidence. |
7. PRODUCT-SPECIFIC / MARKET-SPECIFIC COMPLIANCE
Gateway is an electronic/industrial category. Specialized requirements arise only when the exact model triggers them; do not copy FCC/CE/KC/crypto requirements across all models.
| Trigger | Possible procedure/evidence | What activates it |
|---|---|---|
| Wired digital gateway | US FCC Part 15; EU EMC/CE + RoHS as applicable | Digital circuitry, intended environment, PSU/voltage. |
| Wireless/cellular gateway | FCC Certification; EU RED; China SRRC/telecom; Korea KC/RRA as applicable | Frequency band, RF power, antenna, module status, SIM/cellular function. |
| Crypto/VPN/security gateway | Vietnam civil-cryptography licence/strategic-trade screening; importing-market cyber/crypto rules if in scope | Dedicated crypto/security function, algorithms, HS, thresholds, end-use/end-user. |
| EU digital product | CRA staging: Article 14 from 11 Sep 2026; general application from 11 Dec 2027 | Product with digital elements within scope; obligations depend on economic-operator role. |
| China RoHS | Disclosure/marking; catalogue conformity timing if product is network switching/routing equipment | Exact product definition/category and manufacture/import date. |
| Battery/UPS accessory | DG screening and carrier rules if lithium battery is included | UN38.3/SDS, Wh rating, installed/packed-with/separate. |
| Used/RMA | Used-equipment/e-waste or repair-return rules if applicable | Condition, serial, repair status, commercial/non-commercial return. |
8. EXPORT DOCUMENT SET & SUBMISSION ROUTE
| Document group | Documents | Used at | Typical owner | Core data to match | Common error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial | Contract/PO, Commercial Invoice, Packing List | Customs, booking, buyer docs | Sales/Docs/Exporter | Model/P-N, quantity, value, Incoterm, serial if shown | “Gateway” too generic; model/quantity/value mismatch. |
| Customs | Export declaration + documents by customs procedure/policy | Export clearance | Customs/Docs | HS, description, value, origin, quantity | HS based on trade name; missing catalogue/spec. |
| Compliance | MMDS/strategic permit if triggered; FCC/CE/RED/KC/SRRC/test file by market | Before Cargo Ready / import-market clearance | Compliance/QA/Legal | Exact model, HW/FW rev, radio/crypto function, licence scope | Certificate does not cover the exact P/N or firmware. |
| Origin | C/O + BOM, materials, supplier docs, import declarations, production records | Origin application/verification | Docs/Factory/Procurement | HS, origin criterion, invoice, shipment data | Transformation/RVC/CTC cannot be evidenced. |
| Transport & buyer | Booking, SI, VGM if sea, B/L/AWB, insurance, L/C/buyer pack | Shipping/post-shipment | Forwarder/Docs/Finance | Shipper/consignee, package, GW/NW, marks, model/serial | Wrong SI/B-L, missed cut-off, L/C discrepancy. |
9. LEGAL BASIS – REGULATION & MARKET-REQUIREMENT MATRIX
| Layer | Instrument/source | Authority | Effective date | Article/annex | Application | Old → new / note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnam | Decree 69/2018 → Decree 292/2026 | Government | 292 effective 05 Sep 2026 | Arts. 64–65 | Foreign-trade framework, transition and replacement of 69/2018 | Existing licences and previously received applications follow the transition provisions. |
| Vietnam | Decree 341/2026 | Government | 01 Sep 2026 | Arts. 9–10; Annex II | Licensed civil-cryptography product export/import where the three matching elements are met | Art.9(4) separates products combining civil cryptography and cybersecurity. |
| Vietnam | Decree 259/2025 | Government | 10 Oct 2025 | Strategic-control regime | Strategic trade control | Screen technical thresholds, end-use, end-user and destination. |
| Vietnam | Circular 42/2026/TT-BCT | MOIT | 12 Sep 2026 – not yet effective on 04 Sep | Detailed dual-use list | Dual-use goods under MOIT authority | Do not apply early. |
| FTA/Origin | Circular 14/2026/TT-BCT – EVFTA | MOIT | 10 May 2026 | Art.42 + PSR/C-O annexes | EVFTA origin rules | Replaces Circular 11/2020 and Circular 41/2022. |
| FTA/Origin | Circular 05/2022 + Circular 32/2022 – RCEP | MOIT | RCEP in force; HS2022 PSR from 01 Jan 2023 | PSR/C-O annexes | RCEP origin rules | Available for China/Korea routes where beneficial. |
| US market | 47 CFR Part 15 / FCC equipment authorization | FCC | Current | Part 15; authorization by device type | Digital/unintentional versus intentional radiator | Wired and radio Gateways follow different routes. |
| EU market | Directive 2014/30/EU; Directive 2014/53/EU; RoHS 2011/65/EU | EU | Current | EMC / RED / RoHS | CE/conformity according to scope; radio Gateway under RED | Apply based on radio/power architecture. |
| EU market | Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 – CRA | EU | Art.14 from 11 Sep 2026; general from 11 Dec 2027 | Art.71 | Cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements | 11 Sep 2026 is not the general CRA application date. |
| China market | China RoHS Catalogue 2026 – MIIT Announcement No.11/2026 | MIIT + co-authorities | Published 28 May 2026; new-category conformity from 01 Aug 2027 | Catalogue/official interpretation | Network switching/routing equipment if exact model falls in scope | Separate disclosure/marking from staged conformity assessment. |
10. PRACTICAL E2E EXPORT WORKFLOW
The workflow follows the actual shipment and continues beyond customs clearance.
Product review + market scan
Identify whether the Gateway is wired, industrial, wireless, security or CPE; review exact P/N, firmware, buyer destination and compliance deliverables.
Lock HS – policy – FTA/origin
Compare 8517.62.21 with actual function; screen civil cryptography/strategic trade; select the origin route by market.
Contract + buyer requirements
Lock Incoterm, payment, importer of record, exact model/HW-FW rev, label/manual, certificate/test responsibility.
Complete compliance / specialized controls
Obtain permits if triggered; lock FCC/CE/RED/KC/SRRC/China RoHS file by market; verify labels and serial list.
Booking – packing – trucking
Choose air/sea, booking, cartons/pallets, ESD/moisture protection; screen battery DG; freeze GW/NW/package count.
Export customs declaration
Declare under the final HS/procedure; cross-check Invoice/PL/catalogue/permit/origin and respond to inspection if selected.
SI – VGM – CY/CFS Cut-off – Loading
Lock shipper/consignee, package/GW/NW, serial/marks if required; check Draft B/L/AWB before release.
Close the post-shipment file
Receive Final B/L/AWB, complete origin/certificates, buyer/bank set, payment follow-up and archive compliance/origin/serial evidence.
11. TIMELINE BEFORE ETD / CARGO READY / CUT-OFF
| Milestone | What must be locked | Documents/data | Typical owner | Risk if late |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Contract | Market access, preliminary HS, radio/crypto/strategic trigger, FTA, Incoterm | Datasheet, buyer spec, destination/end-use, origin input | Sales/Compliance/Procurement | Order accepted although the model cannot meet market/permit requirements. |
| Before Cargo Ready | Permit/compliance, label/manual, packing, booking | Certificates/test file, serial list, label artwork, packing data | Factory/QA/Compliance/Docs | Goods ready but permit/certificate does not cover exact model. |
| Before CY/CFS Cut-off / cargo acceptance | Customs, trucking/airport handover, DG acceptance if battery | Declaration, booking, PL, DG documents if any | Ops/Customs/Forwarder | Missed flight/vessel/cut-off or carrier rejection. |
| Before SI/VGM Cut-off | Freeze transport master data | SI, VGM if sea, shipper/consignee/marks/GW/NW | Docs/Forwarder | B/L/AWB amendment and buyer-document discrepancy. |
| After On-board | Origin/certificates, Final B/L/AWB, buyer/bank set, payment | On-board data, C/O application, final invoice/PL, bank docs | Docs/Finance/Compliance | Late documents, lost preference, delayed payment or incomplete audit trail. |
12. INCOTERMS – TRANSPORT – PACKING – COSTS
Incoterms: FCA works well when goods are handed to the buyer’s/selected forwarder in Vietnam; CPT/CIP when the seller arranges main carriage; DAP when the seller controls transport to destination while the buyer handles import clearance. FOB is for sea/inland-waterway shipments and should not be used mechanically for air.
Transport: Gateways are often high-value relative to weight, so air/express suits samples, RMA and urgent projects; sea LCL/FCL suits larger lots. Lithium batteries/UPS accessories require DG screening.
Packing: cartons + foam, ESD bag for board/module, moisture protection, serial-to-carton mapping; wooden pallets may need ISPM 15. Protect exposed connectors and antennas for industrial models.
Costs: compliance/testing/certification, permits if any, customs, C/O, packing, trucking, local charges, freight, insurance and amendment/rebooking/storage.
13. RISKS & CONTROL POINTS
| Risk | Root cause | Impact | Control | When to check |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wrong use of HS 8517.62.21 | Classified from the name Gateway without principal-function analysis | Customs/C-O/permit correction; classification dispute | Technical classification file + block diagram | Pre-contract / before declaration. |
| Radio function missed | Wi-Fi/4G/5G integrated but marketing material only says Gateway | FCC/RED/KC/SRRC route missing or wrong | RF module/frequency/antenna review | Pre-contract / before Cargo Ready. |
| Civil-cryptography/security trigger missed | Firmware includes VPN/IPsec/dedicated crypto but technical function was not reviewed | Missing permit or wrong authority | Decree 341 three-factor test + security feature matrix | Classification. |
| Strategic-trade end-use risk | HS checked but end-user/end-use/destination ignored | Hold/denial/escalation | End-use/end-user screening + threshold review | Pre-contract. |
| Wrong EU route | RED applied to a wired model or wireless model treated only as EMC | DoC/test file mismatch; market hold | Wired-vs-radio decision tree + PSU voltage | Before Cargo Ready. |
| China RoHS timeline misread | Disclosure and catalogue conformity treated as one obligation | Over-compliance or no 2027 plan | Exact category + manufacture/import date | Product release / contract. |
| Origin fails PSR | Final assembly in Vietnam but transformation/RVC evidence is weak | Buyer loses preference; verification | BOM/production/import-declaration audit trail | Before C/O application. |
| Missed cut-off / amendment | Model/serial/package/GW changes too late | Roll/rebooking, amendment, storage | Milestone sheet + packing freeze | Before cargo acceptance/SI. |
14. FAQ – FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Can a Gateway be exported from Vietnam?
Generally yes, but the exact model must still be screened for foreign-trade, civil-cryptography, strategic-trade, radio/security and importing-market triggers.
What is the strongest HS reference for a Gateway?
8517.62.21 because the official Vietnam description expressly covers control and adaptor units including gateways, bridges and routers. Do not force it onto materially different products.
Does any Gateway with VPN automatically require a civil-cryptography licence?
No. Under Article 9(3) of Decree 341/2026, HS, goods description and cryptographic technical characteristics must all match Annex II.
What if a Gateway has both cybersecurity and civil-cryptography functions?
Article 9(4) of Decree 341/2026 provides a Ministry of Public Security route for dual-function products, with consultation of the Government Cipher Committee.
Does a wired Gateway need FCC review for the US?
A digital/unintentional radiator must be reviewed under Part 15 and the applicable authorization route. Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/cellular models trigger intentional-radiator requirements.
Does every Gateway exported to the EU fall under RED?
No. RED applies to radio equipment. Wired-only models usually follow EMC and other applicable CE/RoHS legislation; power architecture may also affect the LVD route.
Does the entire EU CRA apply from 11 Sep 2026?
No. Article 14 applies from 11 Sep 2026; the Regulation applies generally from 11 Dec 2027 under Article 71.
Is CCC automatically required for a Gateway in China?
No conclusion should be made from the name alone. Exact category determines whether CCC or another route applies; China RoHS, radio/telecom or cryptography rules may still be relevant.
Should every Gateway shipment use a C/O?
Only where an FTA route is beneficial and the goods satisfy the PSR. EU, China and Korea offer different routes; there is no Vietnam–US bilateral preferential FTA.
Can an RMA Gateway use the normal new-goods document set?
Not safely. Add the RMA/service file, serial history, valuation/transaction logic and the correct customs procedure; importing-market used/e-waste rules may also matter.
When should compliance be frozen?
Before Cargo Ready. Permits, certificate scope, labels and exact P/N/HW-FW revision should be confirmed before packing and carrier handover.
What must be kept after on-board?
Final B/L/AWB, customs declaration, Invoice/PL, origin/C-O evidence, permits/certificates, test/technical file, buyer/bank documents, payment and claim/RMA/serial records where relevant.
15. POST-SHIPMENT OUTPUTS & RECORD RETENTION
- Completed export declaration and related customs documents.
- Final B/L/AWB/Sea Waybill and booking/on-board records.
- C/O/origin proof and the Origin Audit Trail where applicable.
- Civil-cryptography/strategic-trade permit file or documented technical screening where relevant.
- FCC/CE/RED/KC/SRRC/China RoHS or other market-compliance file by exact model.
- Buyer/bank document set under the Contract/L-C/payment term.
- Payment, debit/credit note, claim/RMA/survey records if any.
- Archive of exact model/HW-FW revision, serial mapping, datasheet and certificate scope for verification/audit.
SOLUTIONS FROM TGIMEX
Review the exact model before ETD/Cargo Ready to lock HS – civil-cryptography/strategic triggers – Market Access – origin/FTA – certificates – packing – booking – cut-offs, while cross-checking Invoice, Packing List, customs declaration, SI, B/L/AWB, C/O and buyer documents against one controlled master data set.
Classify the Gateway by function/radio/crypto, then lock market compliance and origin route before the Contract/PO is frozen.
Complete final transport documents, origin/certificates, bank/buyer set, payment follow-up and the compliance/origin archive.
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