Author Archives: Trà Giang JSC

Risks for Vietnamese Businesses Buying CIF and Selling FOB

A practical analysis of transport control, insurance, cost, schedule and documentation risks when Vietnamese businesses...

Transfer of Risk and Allocation of Costs under Incoterms® 2020

A practical guide to the risk-transfer points and cost allocation under all 11 Incoterms® 2020...

FCL vs LCL: What Is the Difference and When Should a Business Use a Full Container?

Compare FCL and LCL operating models, costs, lead time and risks, and learn which shipment...

Sea, Air, Road or Rail Freight: Which Transport Mode Should You Choose?

Compare sea, air, road and rail freight by speed, cost, capacity, door-to-door reach and risk...

Open Top, Flat Rack and Reefer Containers: When Is Special Equipment Required?

Compare Open Top, Flat Rack and Reefer equipment, with selection triggers, booking data, securing and...

How Do 20DC, 40DC and 40HC Containers Differ?

Compare 20DC, 40DC and 40HC by dimensions, door opening, cubic capacity, payload and cargo profile...

Form E, Form D, Form AK, Form VK and EUR.1: Key Differences

Compare Form E, D, AK, VK/KV and EUR.1 by agreement, trade lane, origin rule, proof...

Principles for Determining HS Codes for Import and Export Goods

A structured guide to HS classification using technical facts, Legal Notes and the six GIRs,...

What Documents Should a Shipment Pre-alert Include?

A pre-alert has no universal fixed document pack. This guide separates core, mode-specific and special-cargo...

Why Can’t Import Duty Be Determined from a Trade Name Alone?

A trade name is only an initial identifier. Import duty requires the HS code, origin,...