Author Archives: Trà Giang JSC

Who Must Arrange Insurance under CIF and CIP?

Under CIF and CIP, the seller arranges insurance while risk transfers earlier to the buyer....

Export Process: From Purchase Order to Final Document Set

A 12-step end-to-end export workflow covering order review, booking, cargo handover, customs, transport documents and...

How Is Cargo Insurance Value Determined?

Explains invoice value, insurable value, sum insured and claim payment, including the 110% rule, accepted...

How Do ICC-A, ICC-B and ICC-C Cargo Insurance Conditions Differ?

Compare ICC-A, ICC-B and ICC-C by coverage mechanism, insured perils, exclusions, transit duration, claim evidence...

When Should a Business Buy Separate Cargo Insurance?

Separate cargo insurance is appropriate when counterparty-arranged cover does not match the cargo, route, value,...

Can Carrier Liability Replace Cargo Insurance?

Carrier liability and cargo insurance are separate recovery mechanisms. Learn the limits, evidence, subrogation and...

Forwarder, Carrier, NVOCC and Customs Broker: What Is the Difference?

Compare forwarders, carriers, NVOCCs and customs brokers by contract, transport document, carriage responsibility and regulatory...

What roles do UCP 600 and ISBP 821 play in letter of credit payments?

UCP 600 establishes the rules framework for documentary credits, while ISBP 821 explains how trade...

Key Clauses in an International Sales Contract

A practical map of key international sales contract clauses covering goods, price, delivery, documents, payment,...

End-to-End Import Process: From Contract Signing to Warehouse Delivery

An E2E import workflow covering product controls, contract, booking, documents, customs, cargo pickup, warehouse receipt,...