Category Archives: KNOWLEDGE

A collection of foundational knowledge on import-export, logistics, documentation, Incoterms, transportation, customs clearance, and practical matters businesses should review during operations.

What Are Stuffing and Devanning? Container Packing and Unpacking Process

Understand stuffing and devanning, from container inspection, stowage and securing to sealing, VGM, controlled opening,...

What Are Dangerous Goods (DG)? Classification and Transport Documents

A practical guide to identifying dangerous goods, the nine hazard classes, and the documents required...

What Is Cut-off Time? Shipping Deadlines Businesses Must Not Miss

Cut-off Time is not one universal deadline. This guide distinguishes SI, VGM, CY, CFS and...

Which Parameters Must Be Controlled in Cold-Chain Transportation?

An operational framework for controlling setpoint, cargo temperature, supply/return air, humidity, ventilation, gases, power, data...

What Is the Difference Between CY and CFS in Container Shipping?

Compare CY and CFS by handover point, stuffing responsibility, documents, cut-offs and CY–CY, CFS–CFS, CY–CFS...

What Are ETD, ETA and Transit Time? How to Read a Shipping Schedule

Understand ETD, ETA and Transit Time and learn how to read direct, transshipment, cut-off, ATD...

Booking Confirmation: What Information Must Be Checked?

Review a Booking Confirmation across eight groups: identity, route, vessel, equipment, cargo, depot, cut-offs and...

L/C, T/T, D/P and D/A: Key Differences in International Payments

Compare L/C, T/T, D/P and D/A by bank undertaking, payment trigger, document control, cost and...

How Do EXW, FOB, CIF and DDP Differ?

Compare EXW, FOB, CIF and DDP by delivery point, risk transfer, freight, insurance and export/import...

Risks for Vietnamese Businesses Buying CIF and Selling FOB

A practical analysis of transport control, insurance, cost, schedule and documentation risks when Vietnamese businesses...